The tabla is a well-known drum in India. As per the history of tabla in India, it started becoming popular between the late 1600s and early 1700s. This drum comes from a mix of various drums in South Asia. Some of these older drums, like the naqqara, were brought by Muslim people who came to India long ago. Others were drums already in India, like the dholak, dhukkar, duggi and pakhawaj.
In the Indian music industry, the tabla instrument holds a very special place. It is used a lot because it can play so many different kinds of beats and sounds. You can hear it in classical Indian music and other types of music, like music for movies or religious songs. The tabla is special because it can make complex rhythms and has a deep, rich sound. It has become a big part of music in India, both in old-fashioned music and in new music today. In this guide, you will learn all about the origin of the tabla, popular legendary tabla players in Asian countries and the instrument's legacy. So, let’s get started!
History of Tabla Instrument
The origin of the tabla, a prominent Indian percussion instrument, is a subject of much debate and fascination. There are two main groups of theories about the origins of the instrument.
- One suggests indigenous Indian roots, with some pointing to ancient carvings, such as those in the Bhaja Caves, as evidence of early tabla-like drums. However, these carvings do not conclusively prove that these instruments were the same as the modern tabla.
- The other theory links its origins to Muslim and Mughal influences, particularly noting the Arabic root of the word tabla, which means drum. This theory is supported by similar drums used by Muslim armies during their invasions.
The design and playing technique of the instrument has evolved.
- It consists of the Bayan (left-hand drum) and the Dayan (right-hand drum).
- The technique for playing the tabla is intricate, involving various finger and palm strokes to create diverse rhythms and sounds.
- The distinctive sound of the tabla is partially due to the application of syahi (a black paste) on the drum heads, a practice believed to have originated with the ancient mridangam.
The tabla gained prominence in Indian music, especially with the rise of the Khayal genre in North Indian classical music. This association helped elevate its status and popularity. Its flexibility allowed it to adapt to various drumming styles and genres, contributing to its widespread use in Indian music. The development of tabla gharanas (schools or lineages) in the 1700s further enriched the repertoire, with each gharana contributing unique styles and compositions.
Popular Legendary Tabla Players
Zakir Hussain is the best tabla player in the history of the music industry of India. Source: celebnetworth.net
The world of tabla playing has been graced by many legendary tabla players from India, some of whom have significantly contributed to the Indian music industry.
| Tabla Player | Born | Life and Journey |
|---|---|---|
| Zakir Hussain | 9 March 1951 | Zakir Hussain, a global tabla maestro, is widely acknowledged for his genius in Indian classical music. Born in 1951 in Mumbai, India, he is the son of the legendary tabla player Ustad Alla Rakha. His training under his father's tutelage began when he was very young, leading him to become a child prodigy. His playing style, characterised by exceptional technique and spontaneous creativity, has earned him international acclaim. Ustad Zakir Hussain has collaborated with numerous global artists and ensembles, significantly contributing to fusion music. He has received multiple awards, including the Padma Bhushan and is known for pushing the boundaries of how the tabla is perceived globally. |
| Rimpa Siva | 1 January 1986 | Rimpa Siva, a trailblazer among female tabla players, hails from a family of musicians. She started playing tabla at six under the guidance of her father, Sri Swapan Siva, a renowned tabla player. Her style is noted for its speed, clarity and precision. Siva has gained respect in a field predominantly dominated by male musicians and has performed extensively in India and abroad. Her dedication to the instrument and exceptional talent have made her a role model for aspiring young female musicians. |
| Trilok Gurtu | 30 October 1951 | Trilok Gurtu is a renowned Indian percussionist and composer known for his eclectic blend of music styles. Born into a family steeped in musical tradition, with his mother, Shobha Gurtu, a prominent classical singer, His early years were filled with diverse musical influences. His journey in music began with the tabla, but he soon branched out to incorporate a wide range of percussion instruments from around the world. His style is unique, seamlessly weaving together elements of Indian classical music with jazz, fusion and world music. This innovative approach has made him among the most versatile and sought-after percussionists globally. He gained international fame in the 1970s and 1980s, playing with world-renowned jazz musicians like Don Cherry and John McLaughlin. His collaborations extend across various artists and genres, reflecting his adaptability and creative vision. |
| Tanmoy Bose | 23 August 1963 | A prominent figure in the world of Indian percussion, Tanmoy Bose has made significant contributions both as a solo artist and as a collaborator with other renowned musicians like Ravi Shankar and Anoushka Shankar. His work extends beyond traditional Indian classical music into world music and fusion. Bose is known for his creative approach and has been instrumental in popularising Indian rhythms on global platforms. He also leads the Taal Tantra Experience, an ensemble that explores various musical genres. |
| Swapan Chaudhuri | March 30 1945 | Pandit Swapan Chaudhuri, a luminary in Indian classical music, is revered for his expertise and sophistication in tabla playing. He began his musical journey young and was trained by some of the finest musicians. His style is marked by his intricate rhythmic patterns and expressive playing. He has performed with numerous celebrated artists and has been nominated for Grammy awards. Chaudhuri is also respected as an educator, imparting his knowledge to the next generation of musicians. |
| Anindo Chatterjee | 30 May 1954 | Anindo Chatterjee, born in Kolkata, is celebrated for mastering the tabla. He began his training at a young age and is known for his clarity in tone and versatility in playing. Chatterjee has accompanied many eminent classical musicians and has performed globally. His style blends the traditional with the innovative, making his performances captivating. He has also contributed to spreading Indian classical music worldwide, teaching students and conducting workshops. |
| Ustad Allah Rakha | 29 April 1919 - 3 February 2000 | Ustad Allah Rakha, a legendary name in the world of Indian classical music, was a tabla virtuoso whose influence and contributions have left an enduring legacy. Born on April 29, 1919, in Phagwal, Jammu and Kashmir, India, he was originally named Allah Rakha Qureshi and embarked on his musical journey at a young age. Allah Rakha's early training in music began with vocal lessons, but his fascination with the tabla rhythms eventually became his focus. He became a disciple of Mian Kader Baksh, a master of the Punjab Gharana, one of the schools of tabla playing. Under Baksh's guidance, Allah Rakha refined his skills and developed a style characterised by clarity, speed and rhythmic innovation. His performing career took off in the 1930s and 1940s, during which he played for All India Radio, Lahore and later moved to Bombay (now Mumbai). A deep understanding of rhythm marked Allah Rakha's playing and he could effortlessly adapt his playing to complement various forms of Indian classical music, making him a sought-after accompanist among musicians. One of his most notable collaborations was with the renowned sitar maestro Ravi Shankar. Their performances, both in India and internationally, were instrumental in popularising Indian classical music across the globe. The performances at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967 and Woodstock in 1969 were particularly significant in bringing Indian rhythms to Western audiences. |
Tabla Instrument Legacy
The tabla is an essential element in Indian classical music and has a legacy that is as rich as it is fascinating. The development in the 18th century marks a significant period in musical history, transforming from an accompaniment in royal courts to a central instrument in various music forms.
Significance of Tabla
The tabla instrument legacy lies in the charm and importance of tabla, which are evident in its integral role in North Indian classical compositions. It is not just an accompaniment but a crucial element that completes a musical piece. Its unique sound and the ability to produce a wide range of tones make it indispensable in Indian music.
Tracing the history of tabla reveals a blend of influences from Arabic, Turkish, Persian and indigenous Indian drums. The name tabla itself originates from tabl, the Arabic term for drum. Early forms of the tabla, like the dholak and pakhawaj, hint at its evolution over time. The tabla fuses these various musical traditions, creating an instrument with a distinct identity and sound.
The tabla is played using two drums: the smaller, higher-pitched dayan, made of wood and the larger, deeper-pitched bayan, made of metal. Both drums feature a black middle spot called syahi, essential for the bell-like sound.
Evolution of Tabla
The evolution and popularity of tabla can be attributed to the gharana tradition, where specific playing styles and techniques are passed down through generations. There are six main tabla gharanas, each with unique identity and bol techniques. These gharanas include Ajrara, Benares, Delhi, Farrukhabad, Lucknow and Punjab, each contributing to the rich tapestry of tabla music.
Beyond classical music, its versatility has led it to find a place in devotional music, theatre and film. It is a sought-after instrument in cross-cultural and fusion musical experiments. In Northern India, the tabla accompanies Hindu bhajans, Sikh shabads, Sufi qawwalis and Muslim ghazals. Its presence in Hindi pop music and Bollywood soundtracks further underscores its widespread appeal.
Playing the tabla requires great control and precision. Mastering its diverse sounds and pitches demands dedication and skill, making it a cherished art in percussion. The tradition of solo tabla performances continues to grow, showcasing the instrument's ability to hold its melodic own for hours.
How to Learn Tabla in India in 2024?
Learning the tabla in India in 2024 combines traditional methods with modern educational approaches, making the process accessible and deeply rooted in cultural heritage. Here is a guide on how to get started:
Join a Music School
Numerous music schools and academies across India offer structured courses in tabla playing. These schools often provide a comprehensive learning experience, including theory, practical sessions and performance opportunities.
Find a Guru or Teacher
The traditional way of learning tabla in India is through the Guru-Shishya (teacher-student) method. Look for a reputable guru or teacher who can guide you through the basics to advanced techniques. Personalised attention from a guru ensures you learn the correct posture, hand positioning and stroke techniques.
Enrol in Online Courses
With the advancement of technology, many platforms offer online tabla lessons. This is a great option if you are looking for flexibility in learning. One such platform is Superprof, where experienced tabla teachers offer personalised lessons online. Superprof allows you to choose a teacher based on their experience, teaching style and student reviews, making finding the right match for your learning style easier.
Like any musical instrument, mastering the tabla requires regular practice. Set aside daily practice time to refine your skills and internalise the rhythms.
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